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types of learning disabilities
(LD)
- LDs are specific
neurological disorders that affect the brain's ability to
store, process or communicate information.
- "Specific learning
disability" (SLD) is the term used in the federal law for
any LD.
- LDs can affect different
aspects of learning and functioning - see the chart below
for specific types of learning disabilities and related
disorders.
- LDs can be compensated for
and even overcome through alternate ways of learning,
accommodations and modifications.
- According to the US
Department of Education, LDs affect approximately 5% of all
children enrolled in public schools.*
- LDs can occur with other
disorders (AD/HD, Information Processing Disorders).
- LDs are NOT the same as
mental retardation, autism, deafness, blindness, behavioral
disorders or laziness.
- LDs are not the result of
economic disadvantage, environmental factors or cultural
differences.
LD Terminology
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Disability: |
Area of difficulty: |
Symptoms include trouble with: |
Example: |
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Dyslexia |
Processing language |
Reading,
writing & spelling |
Letters
and words may be written or pronounced backwards |
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Dyscalculia |
Math
skills |
Computation, remembering math facts, concepts of
time & money |
Difficulty learning to count by 2s, 3s, 4s |
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Dysgraphia |
Written
expression |
Handwriting, spelling, composition |
Illegible handwriting, difficulty organizing ideas |
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Dyspraxia |
Fine
motor skills |
Coordination, manual dexterity |
Trouble
with scissors, buttons, drawing |
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Information Processing Disorders |
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Auditory
Processing Disorder |
Interpreting auditory information |
Language
development, reading |
Difficulty anticipating how a speaker will end a
sentence |
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Visual
Processing Disorder |
Interpreting visual information |
Reading,
writing & math |
Difficulty distinguishing letters like "h" and "n" |
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Other Related Disorders |
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) |
Concentration & focus |
Over-activity, distractibility & impulsivity |
Can't
sit still, loses interest quickly |
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*
Twenty-third Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of
IDEA, US Department of Education, 2001. Please visit an
excellent site on LD @ www.ld.org.
Need help? We offer online consultation and
e-therapy. We also offer online classes. To find out more about
our e-help sessions, visit
PedatricBehavior. For more information on our online
classes, visit
Online Classes.
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