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 types of learning disabilities (LD)

  • LDs are specific neurological disorders that affect the brain's ability to store, process or communicate information.
  • "Specific learning disability" (SLD) is the term used in the federal law for any LD.
  • LDs can affect different aspects of learning and functioning - see the chart below for specific types of learning disabilities and related disorders.
  • LDs can be compensated for and even overcome through alternate ways of learning, accommodations and modifications.
  • According to the US Department of Education, LDs affect approximately 5% of all children enrolled in public schools.*
  • LDs can occur with other disorders (AD/HD, Information Processing Disorders).
  • LDs are NOT the same as mental retardation, autism, deafness, blindness, behavioral disorders or laziness.
  • LDs are not the result of economic disadvantage, environmental factors or cultural differences.

LD Terminology

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Disability:

Area of difficulty:

Symptoms include trouble with:

Example:

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Dyslexia

Processing language

Reading, writing & spelling

Letters and words may be written or pronounced backwards

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Dyscalculia

Math skills

Computation, remembering math facts, concepts of time & money

Difficulty learning to count by 2s, 3s, 4s

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Dysgraphia

Written expression

Handwriting, spelling, composition

Illegible handwriting, difficulty organizing ideas

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Dyspraxia

Fine motor skills

Coordination, manual dexterity

Trouble with scissors, buttons, drawing

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Information Processing Disorders

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Auditory Processing Disorder

Interpreting auditory information

Language development, reading

Difficulty anticipating how a speaker will end a sentence

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Visual Processing Disorder

Interpreting visual information

Reading, writing & math

Difficulty distinguishing letters like "h" and "n"

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Other Related Disorders

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD)

Concentration & focus

Over-activity, distractibility & impulsivity

Can't sit still, loses interest quickly

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 * Twenty-third Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of IDEA, US Department of Education, 2001. Please visit an excellent site on LD @ www.ld.org.

Need help? We offer online consultation and e-therapy. We also offer online classes. To find out more about our e-help sessions, visit PedatricBehavior. For more information on our online classes, visit Online Classes.

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Revised: 10/19/2008.