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articles
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types of learning disabilities (LD)
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LDs are specific neurological disorders
that affect the brain's ability to store, process or communicate
information.
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"Specific learning disability" (SLD) is
the term used in the federal law for any LD.
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LDs can affect different aspects of
learning and functioning - see the chart below for specific types of
learning disabilities and related disorders.
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LDs can be compensated for and even
overcome through alternate ways of learning, accommodations and
modifications.
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According to the US Department of
Education, LDs affect approximately 5% of all children enrolled in public
schools.*
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LDs can occur with other disorders (AD/HD,
Information Processing Disorders).
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LDs are NOT the same as mental
retardation, autism, deafness, blindness, behavioral disorders or
laziness.
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LDs are not the result of economic
disadvantage, environmental factors or cultural differences.
LD
Terminology
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Disability: |
Area of difficulty: |
Symptoms include trouble with: |
Example: |
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Dyslexia |
Processing language |
Reading, writing &
spelling |
Letters and words may be
written or pronounced backwards |
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Dyscalculia |
Math skills |
Computation, remembering
math facts, concepts of time & money |
Difficulty learning to
count by 2s, 3s, 4s |
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Dysgraphia |
Written expression |
Handwriting, spelling,
composition |
Illegible handwriting,
difficulty organizing ideas |
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Dyspraxia |
Fine motor skills |
Coordination, manual
dexterity |
Trouble with scissors,
buttons, drawing |
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Information Processing Disorders |
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Auditory Processing
Disorder |
Interpreting auditory
information |
Language development,
reading |
Difficulty anticipating
how a speaker will end a sentence |
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Visual Processing
Disorder |
Interpreting visual
information |
Reading, writing & math |
Difficulty
distinguishing letters like "h" and "n" |
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Other Related Disorders |
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Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) |
Concentration & focus |
Over-activity,
distractibility & impulsivity |
Can't sit still, loses
interest quickly |
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*
Twenty-third Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of IDEA, US
Department of Education, 2001. Please visit an excellent site on LD @
www.ld.org.
Need help? We offer online consultation and e-therapy.
We also offer online classes. To find out more about our e-help sessions,
visit
PedatricBehavior. For more information on our online classes, visit
Online Classes.
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